November 13, 2010
1 strong> World Mind Sports Games
strong> Google search – Baidu Encyclopedia strong> – World Mind Sports Games http://baike.baidu.com/view/877161.htm
World Mind Sports Games by international intellectual sports leagues ( strong> the IMSA strong> ) strong> launched, aimed at expanding international sporting events including the bridge, chess, chess, drafts, chess and other chess intellectual sport worldwide popularity and influence. The 21st century human movement and wisdom of a successful business planning.
check 2008 World Mind Sports Games website:
the IMSA strategy is to organize the World Mind, Sports, Games, strong> (“Intellympiads) < / strong> and conflate the events in various ways with the Olympics in the hope of persuading the Olympic Committee to include one or more “mind sports” among the Olympic events. To this end, IMSA is dedicated to holding the World Mind Sports Games as soon as possible after the close of either the Summer or Winter Games in the each the Olympio year http://www.2008wmsg.org/imsa
investigation IMSA-official website, so that the period of introduction text:
2008 was a momentous year as, for the first time, the first World Mind Sport Games strong> were staged in Beijing, under the auspices of the International Mind Sports Association. Our four member Federations, Bridge, Chess, Draughts, and Go were joined on this occasion by Xianqi and a truly memorable and in my field adequately Championship resulted. http://www.imsaworld.com/message.html
to determine the basic argument, Wikipedia enter again to confirm:
The first World Mind Sports Games strong> were held in Beijing, China after the 2008 Summer Olympics, from October 3 to 18, 2008. http:/ / en.wikipedia.org / wiki / World_Mind_Sports_Gam the es
confirm the: World Mind Sports Games – strong> — World Mind Sport Games,
strong > 2 strong> OEM
strong> do not know what it was, first determine the definition of know what — the Google — Baidu Baike: found the following information, probably understand.
Specifically, OEM ( Original Equipment Manufacture strong> ) strong>, the original equipment manufacturer
OEM strong> , also known as OEM and OEM strong>, the first popular in Europe and the United States and other developed countries, it is a large international companies to find their comparative advantage of a rules of the game, can reduce production costs, improve the brand value. In recent years, this mode of production is more popular in the domestic appliance industry, such as TCL Suzhou Samsung OEM washing machine OEM washing machine Changhong Ningbo Di sound. Present life, we generally OEM called OEM production side after the original brand manufacturer license to produce.
Wikipedia strong> Enter the Original equipment manufacturer Confirmation: http://www.inc.com/encyclopedia/original-equipment-manufacturer-OEM.html
An Original equipment manufacturer, or OEM, manufactures products or components that are purchased by a company and retailed under the purchasing company brand name. OEM refers to the company that originally manufactured the product. When referring to automotive parts, OEM designates a replacement part made by the manufacturer of the original part.
basically confirmed but on the part of speech is still uncertain,
,
, An original equipment manufacturer strong> (OEMs) makes equipment or components that are then marketed by its client, another manufacturer or a reseller to, usually under that reseller own name. An OEM may make complete devices or just certain components, either of which can then be configured by the reseller. An example of this relationship would be a large automobile manufacturer that uses an OEM components in the production of the cars it makes and sells. Originally OEM was an adjective strong> only used to describe a company that produced items, usually hardware or component parts, to be marketed under another company brand. Although this is still the norm, OEMs have begun in recent years to sell their products more widely and in some cases, directly to the public.
Manufacturer refers to the manufacturers, the manufacture refers to the product or process
OK < strong> OEM strong> Original Equipment Manufacture
strong> 3 strong> health food
strong> query definition strong> Google — strong> Baidu Baike strong>: http://baike.baidu.com/view/17143.htm
health food is a food type strong>, the general food in common, and can regulate the body functions, suitable for specific food groups, but not treatment of disease. Strong> In recent years, the growth rate of the development of health food in the world very quickly, care strong> ( strong> function strong> ) strong> food in Europe and the United States known as the “health food” in Japan is called “functional foods”. Strong> China health (functional) food rise in the late 1980s, early 1990s, after a second-generation development, will also be entering its third generation of health food requires not only the human and animal experiments show that the product has a particular physiologic function, the more necessary to identify the health functions of factor structure, content, mechanism of action, as well as in food should be the stable form.
Wikipedia strong> —- Input Chinese “health food”:
dietary supplement, also known as nutritional supplements, nutritional supplements, Nutrition, a dietary supplement, as an adjunct to diet, used to supplement the human body needs amino acids, trace elements, vitamins, minerals, and so on. United States:
in the United States, dietary supplements (dietary supplement) is defined by the U.S. Congress in 1994 passed the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act “(Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994) is given by:
As a dietary supplement and contains the following one or more variety of ingredients: vitamins, minerals, herbs or other plant preparations (excluding tobacco), amino acids, can help to increase the daily food intake, supplements, concentrates, metabolites, composition or extract.
2. the form of tablets, capsules, liquid for human intake. It can not replace some traditional food or become the only source of diet. 4 it is marked with a “dietary supplement”. (5) a variety of functional regulate body functions.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) provides for the dietary supplement is a food, rather than a drug. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not guarantee the safety and efficacy of dietary supplements. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) only after the problems in some dietary supplements to investigate the manufacturer.
the EU food supplement precepts “(Food Supplements Directive) require dietary supplements to ensure the quality and quantity of safe and reliable. Some vitamins in small doses is beneficial to humans, but excessive doses are harmful. Some herbs, such as hypericin (Hypericum perforatum), and certain drugs intake will produce toxic side effects. Only those confirmed there is no danger of dietary supplements without a prescription on the market.
preliminary view is that dietary supplement strong>, not sure, Google, Wikipedia:
A dietary supplement strong>, also known. as food supplement strong> or nutritional supplement strong>, is a preparation intended to supplement the diet and provide nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals, fiber, fatty acids, or amino acids, that may be missing or may not be consumed in sufficient quantity in a person diet. Some countries define dietary supplements as foods, while in others they are defined as drugs or natural health products.
Supplements containing vitamins or dietary minerals are included as a category of food in the Codex Alimentarius, a collection of internationally recognized standards, codes of practice, guidelines and other recommendations relating to foods, food production and food safety. These texts are drawn up by the Codex Alimentarius Commission, an organization that is sponsored by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO).
the situation in China: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Dietary_supplement
In China, prior to market entry, manufacturers must register dietary supplements with SFDA. The process requires investments of both time and money. After market entry, the registration is valid for five years and then must be renewed.
SFDA strong> has a list of 27 approved functional claims that manufacturers of dietary supplements are allowed to make when register a product. The process involves a strict testing protocol, including animal and human studies. In a large degree it is similar to the approval of pharmaceuticals.
dietary supplement health food products, in Google, type the following web page:
classic The bio-pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. strong> http://www.classicgroup.com.cn/zh-cn/index.html in English page, which controls the company introduced in Britain:
classic bio-pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. is China leading nutrition, vitamins, minerals, herbal extracts, OEM, ODM service providers, the company passed the GMP certification and ISO22000 quality certification has for many customers in China and the United Kingdom, Macedonia, Australia, Russia, South Korea, Hong Kong, the United States customers of other countries and regions to provide the above-mentioned products, OEM, ODM services.
Contract manufacturer for dietary supplements – softgel, as capsule Gummy, strips, and the tablet
Classic Group Co., Ltd is the leading contract manufacturer of dietary supplements and complementary healthcare products in China, Manufacturing capabilities include soft and hard gel encapsulation, enteric coating, tabletting, gummies, diet strips and contract packing etc. “
health food strong> dietary supplements
strong> 4 lucky money strong> Money given to children as a the Spring Festival gift
There are several theories strong> listen
, Lingoes lucky money / gift money
Google, lucky money is more common than the gift money
a foreign site to introduce traditional Chinese culture http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-chinese-lucky-mone y.htm
“Chinese lucky money strong> is money that is traditionally given in red packages to young people during Chinese New Year. These red envelopes of money are called Hung Bao. Symbols of wealth and luck usually decorate the outside of the red money packages. “
< br /> lucky money strong> lucky money
strong> 5 strong> affordable housing
strong> query the economic definition of affordable housing strong> the Baidu the Baike http://baike.baidu.com/view/58124.htm
affordable housing refers to has been included in national plans, construction, real estate development companies by the city government organization or financing housing units to low-profit price of housing sold to low-income families in cities and towns. It is a commercial residential nature of social security. Economic characteristics and applicability. The economy is the housing prices over the same period the market price is moderate, the affordability for middle-and low-income families. Applicability can not be cut in the construction of housing standards and lower, must reach a certain use. And many other countries, the affordable housing policy arrangements made by the countries to solve the housing problem for low-income population, another rent-based housing policy known as the low-rent housing.
on the translation method is mainly found in the following statement, each with a corresponding text support:
strong> 1) affordable affordable housing housing strong>
strong> 1.Evaluation of energy-saving technology in the application of affordable housing strong>;
< br /> energy-saving technologies in affordable housing in the application of evaluation
2.Regional Disparity of Demand and Supply for Affordable Housing strong> in China;
difference analysis of inter-provincial affordable housing supply and demand in China
3.Then aiming at the relocation of local residents near their original dwelling, it discusses the patterns of a ffordable housing strong> in the old city based on the conservation of old city, in an attempt to solve the social problems resulted from the old city reconstruction and promote the harmoni-ous development of the city.
to Beijing, for example, analysis of affordable housing site to the lack of reasonable and to the work of the majority of low-and middle-income people, life has caused great inconvenience.
2) Economically affordable housing strong> affordable the room 1.Problems and solutions of economically affordable housing; strong> Problems and countermeasures of the Affordable Housing Policy < br />
2.As the so-called economically affordable housing strong>, which is neither economical nor affordable, does not rend.
neither “economic” affordable housing is not “applicable” does not have the proper moral concern for the poor, should be focused on building low-rent housing mechanism truly suitable for serving the poor. the English web page of the
Chinese Government agency guidelines for bilingual presentation of the Secretary for investment in fixed assets http://www.prcgov.org/ndrc_list_2.html
with the relevant departments real estate regulatory policy, preparation of national economic construction of affordable housing mentoring programs;
To proposed waiting until the adjustment and control policies for land and property investment, formulating for guideline guideline guideline plans for the construction of economic affordable houses strong> across the country;
3) economical housing strong> affordable housing
1.On the institutional dilemma of economical housing and suggestions for its improvement; br />
affordable housing system difficulties and improve recommended
2.Performance evaluation of urban economical housing policy; affordable housing policy performance assessment
3. Many problems may be found out in the system of fiscal subsidy of our country by investigating the subsidy of economical housing arranged by our country s government.
visits affordable housing subsidies, can be found in China financial subsidies system, there are many problems.
4 Housing sold at low prices to low-income earners to get them affordable shelters. Starting in 1998, the central government decided to offer favorable policies to housing developers so that they could build apartments of specified sizes and prices. Families with living floor space or income under given standards could apply for purchasing the apartments at prices much lower than the market prices. Eligibility standards for purchasing economical housing strong> are set by provincial authorities according to local situations. Economical housing is subject to special … risks clauses of for trading in market, which the discourage profiting from the the property. It is an integrated part of the State efforts to shelter groups with limited financial resources.
China Daily English Tips http :/ / www.chinadaily.com.cn/language_tips/60th/20 09-08/25/content_8614906.htm
4) affordable house strong> affordable housing
strong> 1.China has established the primary housing a guarantee from the system that includes affordable house subsidiary rental houses, and housing An addition fund.
China has preliminarily established a system of affordable housing, low-rent housing system, housing accumulation fund system for the main contents of the housing security system.
2.Urban housing social security includes affordable house and subsidiary rental house.
housing security system, including affordable housing and low-cost housing, affordable housing is allocated land by the government for free qualified developers profit, low-rent housing land from the allocation of construction funds invested by the government in full.
Beijing new low-rent housing and affordable housing management approach, starting on the 28th, Street 207, Xuanwu District Taoranting housing poor people the honor of being the first batch of beneficiaries of the affordable housing policy to adjust . So, the “affordable housing” how should I say?
See “China Daily” reported:
Tian Mansu from Beijing Xuanwu District was among the first names to be put forward for an affordable house. Tian said she was really pleased to be among the first batch of residents to draw ballots for an affordable house.She has lived with her husband and son at her parents-in-law house – a shabby bungalow little more than 20 sq m – since her marriage 20 years ago.
the report said, who lives in Xuanwu District, Beijing Tian Mansour the Yaohao assigned a set of affordable housing. She said: “I am particularly pleased to be among the first beneficiaries of Tin Mansour told reporters, married for 20 years, she and her husband, son and her in-laws family of five has been living in the house of the laws of a set of over 20 square meters , has lived for 20 years.
“affordable house” is “affordable housing”; low-rent housing to low-rent house.
) economic and functional houses strong> affordable housing
strong> 1.Providing Basic housing for low-income families is one of basic responsibilities of the government, and the provision of economic and functional houses (EFH) strong> is the manifestation of the assumption of this responsibility.
for low-income people to provide basic housing security is the government basic responsibilities, the affordable housing is a system reflects the duties.
6) The planning of affordable housing the economical applicative community economic planning
opinions, very confused, strong> the Google strong> found strong> 5 strong> ) strong> 6 strong> ) was basically no one to exclude; left < / strong> affordable housing, economically affordable housing, economical housing strong> strong> affordable houses
strong> to see foreign media statement: found: strong> Reuters the official website of the article BEIJING strong> Mon Aug 23, 2010 3:59 am EDT
Factbox: Key facts about China affordable housing plans strong> http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE67M167201008 23
(Reuters) – China efforts to build more affordable housing will help compensate for a slowdown in market -driven real estate investment this year. strong> Here are some facts about the affordable housing plans.
WHAT IS AFFORDABLE HOUSING?
* China is rolling out an affordable housing scheme to provide homes to its poor who are unable to buy units at market prices. Affordable housing strong> is divided into different categories.
– Economic housing strong> (affordable housing) about 60 square meters; sold well below market prices
– , Price-capped housing strong> (room price): less than 90 square meters; prices capped by local governments when developers buy land lots
– Low-rent housing strong> (low-rent housing) less than 50 square meters; owned by the government and rented to the extremely poor residents
– Public-rent housing strong>: less than 60 square meters; owned by the government, rented to a wider range of people than “low rent housing,” including migrant workers and new graduates
* The current trend is for governments to build more for-rent affordable housing, to reduce the incentives for undeserving people to acquire homes by cheating in their applications.
< br /> appears to be cognizant of the housing system:
China strong> http://www1.china.com.cn/economic/txt/2007-09/20/ the c ontent_8921331.htm
Beijing to carry out the last month, the State Council to solve the housing difficulties of urban low-income families, “the implementation of policy has been basically drawn, low-rent housing, affordable housing, housing prices of the units The area will be adjusted. Dwelling size the Beijing low-rent housing strong> in the future will be strictly controlled in less than 50 square meters, affordable housing strong> control in about 60 square meters, limit room strong> 90 square meters the following units of not less than 70%. The same time, the object of the supply of affordable housing is also proposed to be adjusted to low-income families with housing difficulties. Related to specific measures will be introduced in the near future. Reporter yesterday learned from relevant departments.
public housing. nature of the affordable housing, low-cost housing, housing prices, property rights strong> (author: Zhang Zhisheng, a Beijing lawyer, 13,520,840,484)
for a period of time, the public call to ask about public housing, affordable housing, housing prices, affordable housing, real estate, and fund-raising room house property nature of the difference and sale conditions, I consider it necessary to conduct a comprehensive finishing, for everyone Reference: thus can be seen the strong , affordable housing strong> the is an umbrella term, which is divided into several categories, while affordable housing is only one class can not simply be translated as < / strong> affordable housing strong> .
strong> Lingoes affordable housing, the Chinese low-income housing “affordable housing” at the same time enter the Google:
[ strong the> PDF strong> ] low-income housing strong> : strong> current situation and challenges strong> Peking University strong> – strong> Lincoln Center Housing Research Group strong> http://www.dictall.com/indu/095/09470309DA8.htm
the affordability of housing ( strong> Affordable Housing strong> ) strong> refers to the total housing expenses (total housing cost) for middle-income groups is “affordable” (affordable) housing. This concept refers to the residents of lower income levels in certain areas within the scope of their economic capacity to buy or rent such a house. Different countries and regions have different rules, limited to a particular income level to get low-income housing. Such as the United States the federal government provides less than 80 percent low-income values ??in the local revenue, less than 30% of the lowest income. Low-income rental housing can not exceed 30% of the tenants monthly income or the PHA (public housingauthority) specified minimum rent. Singapore, Hong Kong, Australia has a series of provisions. In general, low-income housing to help the families of the poverty line, 60 percent of families living below the median regional income.
[PDF] Affordable Housing for Rural Migrant Workers in Urban China strong> File Format: PDF / Adobe Acrobat
The aim of this paper is to analyze affordable housing strong> for rural migrant ….. the State Council, (2007) 24 “Several Opinions of the State Council on the settlement of the housing difficulties of urban low-income families … www.welfareasia.org / … / Yamaguchi_Affordable housing for rural migrant wor … – Similar results
this article the interpretation of the term
Economically affordable houses strong> – < br />
strong> The government encourages the building of houses affordable to middle and lower-income groups by providing cheap or free land or tax rebates for developers. The building area per apartment should be limited to around 60 m2 . The affordable housing can only be on sale 5 years after the purchase. When people sale the price gap between the economically affordable housing and the common commodity housing
Seen in this light, affordable housing is affordable a housing (low income housing), and basically decided to economically affordable houses
strong> 6 strong> rural land shares in cooperatives
proper way
strong> defined to understand strong> Search: strong> SAIC portal strong> http://www.saic.gov .cn/gsld/llyj/xxb/201007/t20100 714_93000.html
rural land stock cooperative system, strong> refers to the implementation of the household contract responsibility system, the implementation of two rights separation “based on the premise that changes in land use from the enjoyment of the farmers of the rural land contract management right of collective organization and engaged in agricultural production and operation, in accordance with the basic principles of joint-stock cooperative system strong>, the right to land contractual management into equity, the formation of unified planning, unified management of the cooperatives, in accordance with the equity ratio, access to the land of the corresponding income from the proceeds of land management co-operation of the operating systems.
[PDF] < / strong>, the role and functions of the land shares in cooperatives file format: PDF / Adobe Acrobat – Quick View
summary :: In this paper a detailed analysis of the land share of cooperatives in Zhejiang Province, the first process of establishing, member status and asset structure, as well as its internal management, production and management, income distribution and other conditions. This paper is a detailed analysis about the establishing process, membership construction, asset structure, production management, and income distribution pattern of the first land stock cooperatives < / strong>, in Zhejiang Province. http://ipub.zlzx.org/zghzjjpl/file/zghzjjpl01-7.pd f
argument out: land stock cooperatives
Google strong> input “ strong> Land shares cooperatives” “land”
Du Ye-ming: With regard to the shares of agricultural land cooperatives inspection
< br /> strong> [Abstract] shares of agricultural land cooperatives, agricultural cooperatives with Chinese characteristics. shares of agricultural land co-operatives must be a priority to maintain join a company of farmers land ….. Abstract: An agricultural land share cooperative strong> is one of the …
www.jihe.org.cn/show.asp?ArticleID=4247 – Cached
[PDF] strong> the development of tobacco land shareholding cooperative system File Format: PDF / Adobe Acrobat – Quick View
Development of Rural Land Joint-stock Cooperation System strong> in Leaf Tobacco Production ….. land laws of the society of shares, explicitly built the purpose of social, economic nature, www.paper.edu.cn/index.php/…/journal-1007-5119 (009) 04 – 0062-04
wondering is: Rural Land strong> rural land strong> or strong> agricultural land? strong > shares cooperatives small organization based on joint-stock cooperative system, that joint-stock cooperative system strong> stock strong> or strong> share strong> < strong> or strong> joint-stock?
strong> Rural relative meaning with the city urban; Agricultural agriculture, agricultural, etc.;
< br /> read “the role and functions of the land shares in cooperatives, functional position of the cooperatives is to provide for the cooperator of the contract period the production of land, leasing of agricultural products in the prenatal, delivery, postnatal services. And positioned itself as follows: on the basis of the rural household contract management, engaged in similar agricultural production and operation, or similar agricultural products production and management services provider to use, members join voluntarily quit the freedom to practice democratic management, the surplus return of principles is the economic organization of production, management, and service activities of mutual aid.
Description of the nature of this entry refers to the range, that is, non-urban land, but the rural land contracting activities of the agricultural production, so I think strong> agricultural strong> better.
strong> to check the foreign media: www.answers.com
www.shac.gov.cn The / fwzx / hwzc / zcgl / 200808/t20080818_1177093.htm
Foreign Agricultural Policy of the financial system organizational model comparison and reference, 2008 – Shanghai Agricultural
August 18 … such Korea agricultural cooperatives strong> Union the ( National Agricultural Cooperative, Federation strong>), Germany mine … such as the Azerbaijan agricultural credit joint-stock credit organizations (Agrocredit Joint Stock Credit .. As mentioned earlier, typical Thai agriculture and rural development banks, Land Bank of the Philippines, Morocco, countries …
“On the essence of the Western countries, shares in cooperatives and Enlightenment” strong> the Li Chunjing strong> http://www.civillaw.com.cn/article/default.asp?id = 49161
strong> Western begin by breaking the provisions of the cooperatives to their members to raise funds in developed countries, the introduction of the joint-stock cooperatives, in addition to raising some of the funds to the members, cooperatives, shareholding to the community to raise funds. This is because the shareholding of the biggest advantage is that it a wide range of fund-raising amount to meet the demand of the modern production of huge amounts of capital. appropriate transformation of the shareholding to be used to raise funds for cooperatives, and thus give rise to the tendency of the shares in the cooperative system, there have been so-called ” stock cooperatives “(
, stock-coop-erative)
Wang Shutong:” On the co-operatives with shares in the company relationship – On the two co-cooperatives “set out” the world economy strong> < strong> 1996 strong> strong> 11 strong> of
strong> China scholars believe that the cooperatives have been a kinds of joint-stock enterprises, now in its head, plus the word “shares” logically speaking, this is the concept of overlapping; Furthermore, if the “Stock-cooperative” is translated as “stock cooperatives”, then “the Nonstock-cooperative “have to be translated as” non-stock cooperatives, which is more difficult to understand. Do co-operatives do not need to be shares, not shares, but owned it? Therefore, it should be called “issue stock cooperatives” or ” two co-cooperatives. “
Furthermore, inspiration, translated,” shares “are not translated.
then check in the United States, agricultural cooperatives, agricultural cooperatives, and China What is the relationship of agricultural land shares in cooperatives?
found in China, the shares of agricultural land cooperatives is due to the “three rural” areas in recent years emerged out of new things, for its scientific content and the specific form of also exploring
“on the share of cooperatives of agricultural land investigation” strong> Du (Jiangsu Provincial People Congress COAG, Nanjing, strong> 210008, China strong> )
strong> “last , shares in cooperatives of agricultural land is an advanced form of agricultural cooperatives. strong> Farmers Specialized Cooperatives Act to adjust the farmer cooperatives, significantly characterized by the production at home, serve the community. With the continuous progress of construction of modern agriculture, the agricultural cooperative economic content of cooperation must continue to deepen the level of cooperation must continue to enhance cooperation links will inevitably continue to expand. when agricultural